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Overview: This case study in the form of a set of PowerPoint slides examines the evolution of toxin resistance in clams. Author/Source: Evo-Ed Grade level: 13-16 Time: one to two class periods Teaching tips: This case study is also appropriate for zoology and ecology classes. The toxin resistance is quite interesting and should be engaging to a qualified student; however, background in cell membrane physiology should be a prerequisite. Concepts: Correspondence to the Next Generation Science Standards is indicated in parentheses after each relevant concept. See our conceptual framework for details. There is a fit between organisms and their environments, though not always a perfect fit. An organism's features reflect its evolutionary history. Some traits of organisms are not adaptive. There is a fit between the form of a trait and its function, though not always a perfect fit. New heritable traits can result from mutations. Mutation is a random process. Organisms cannot intentionally produce adaptive mutations in response to environmental influences. Complex structures may be produced incrementally by the accumulation of smaller advantageous mutations.

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