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Overview: In this reading-, writing-, and discussion-based activity, students learn about how changes in the environment can influence the phenotype of organisms. More specifically, students will be investigating the concept of a mismatch disease and how it relates to many present human phenotypes that are no longer beneficial. Author/Source: BiteScis Grade level: 9-12 Time: 50 minutes Concepts: Correspondence to the Next Generation Science Standards is indicated in parentheses after each relevant concept. See our conceptual framework for details. There is a fit between organisms and their environments, though not always a perfect fit. (LS4.C) Depending on environmental conditions, inherited characteristics may be advantageous, neutral, or detrimental. A hallmark of science is exposing ideas to testing. (P3, P4, P6, P7) Scientists can test ideas about events and processes long past, very distant, and not directly observable. Scientific knowledge is open to question and revision as we come up with new ideas and discover new evidence. (P4, P6, NOS3) Our knowledge of the evolution of living things is always being refined as we gather more evidence. As with other scientific disciplines, evolutionary biology has applications that factor into everyday life. There is a fit between the form of a trait and its function, though not always a perfect fit. Teacher background: Relevance

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