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Overview: Learn about phylogenetic systematics, the study of the evolutionary relationships among organisms, and how the field is shaping biological research today.Author/Source: UC Museum of Paleontology Grade level: 13-16 Time: 20 minutes Teaching tips: Students can read this tutorial for a review of phylogenies and tree-thinking. Concepts: Correspondence to the Next Generation Science Standards is indicated in parentheses after each relevant concept. See our conceptual framework for details. - Scientists can test ideas about events and processes long past, very distant, and not directly observable.
- Classification is based on evolutionary relationships.
- Scientists use multiple lines of evidence (including morphological, developmental, and molecular evidence) to infer the relatedness of taxa.
- Evolutionary trees (i.e., phylogenies or cladograms) portray hypotheses about evolutionary relationships.
- Evolutionary trees (i.e., phylogenies or cladograms) are built from multiple lines of evidence.
- The principle of parsimony suggests that the phylogenetic hypothesis most likely to be true is the one requiring the fewest evolutionary changes.
- Evolutionary trees can be used to make inferences and predictions.
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