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Overview: Students watch a short film about natural selection in humans and answer questions on a worksheet that reinforce the evolutionary story behind malaria and sickle cell anemia prevalence. Author/Source: Howard Hughes Medical Institute Grade level: 9-12 Time: 50 minutes Teaching tips: Answers to the worksheets are readily available online, so if this is a concern, you may wish to have students complete those in class. Concepts: Correspondence to the Next Generation Science Standards is indicated in parentheses after each relevant concept. See our conceptual framework for details. There is a fit between organisms and their environments, though not always a perfect fit. (LS4.C) Evolution results from selection acting upon genetic variation within a population. (LS4.B) Depending on environmental conditions, inherited characteristics may be advantageous, neutral, or detrimental. Natural selection acts on the variation that exists in a population. (LS4.B, LS4.C) Over time, the proportion of individuals with advantageous characteristics may increase (and the proportion with disadvantageous characteristics may decrease) due to their likelihood of surviving and reproducing. (LS4.B, LS4.C) A hallmark of science is exposing ideas to testing. (P3, P4, P6, P7) Scientists test their ideas using multiple lines of evidence. (P6, NOS2) Scientists can test ideas about events and processes long past, very distant, and not directly observable. Science is a human endeavor. (NOS7) As with other scientific disciplines, evolutionary biology has applications that factor into everyday life. There is variation within a population. (LS3.B) Natural selection is dependent on environmental conditions. Teacher background: Genetic Variation Natural Selection

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